Logo

What caused North Korea to go poor when at first it was rich?

14.06.2025 03:21

What caused North Korea to go poor when at first it was rich?

Korean History & Japanese Occupation

the farmlands were now unproductive, and it was almost impossible to even transport harvests.

decisions that would lead to it eventually becoming the worst place to live in the world.

Sun unleashes monster solar storm: Rare G4 alert issued for earth - ScienceDaily

is school children being forced to harvest rice , and doubling of coal mining shifts in the 60s

economic shortages” in which the spirit of the revolutionary cause would allow for superhuman

But the North Korea you see on the news today with its starving citizens and a leadership hell

Am I the bitch for never wanting to talk to my sister again because of something she said while talking back to me?

death and the end to his limitless consumption. We can see now why changes never occurred.

under strain further toward the end of the 1960s as the Cold war heated up. Having a

to the various powerful Chinese dynasties that were by far the most important asian powers if

Do opposites attract? How often do you see weird couples like a guy/girl dating someone who is boring with no sense of humor ?

their new border then became the new front line of the cold war. The Soviet Union, in control

of the North, quickly appointed Kim il Sung, a guerilla fighter in the war who later became an

in the last 2000 years”. For the last 10 centuries Korea served as a tributary state

We now told, by Senator Grassley, that on the FBI form about the Biden bribery story, there is a Burisma exec who says he has 17 tapes of his deal with the Biden. 15 of Hunter and 2 of Joe Biden? What would this do to Hunter/Joe Biden if released?

be dramatically different. In fact for decades it was the North who maintained a political,

coming. This was due in large part to the souring relations between the Soviet Union and China.

and China was undergoing reforms now seeing North Korea as more of a nuisance than as an

What I have noticed is nearly every girl I try to connect with whom reject me are in their early 20s why is that the case?

of mass mobilization in which the nation would rely on quote “revolutionary zeal to make up any

inefficiencies in the command economy. Oftentimes this meant avoiding the implementation of more

trapped by the ideologies that created it and thus can not reform without risking collapse.

Have you experimented with bestiality?

undergoing an apocalypse. Its people had no food, they had no freedom and they lived under a brutal

in 2011 Kim Jong- un has largely kept North Korea unchanged and in fact is looking to try and reign

the environment unable to cope with torrential rains. Coupled with the goat breeding program

Hi, I’m Jo. My best friend died 2 years ago today. My husband died 6 months later. So, I’m a depressed mess (we were married 28 years) and can’t shake it. Even my Brother is worried. Some days I don’t do anything, and avoid men cause I don’t want to date. Any suggestions? Thanks for reading.

engaging lessons keep me coming back for more. For my audience you can get an exclusive 65%

refused to make concessions and ultimately never reformed to fix the structural problems.

,restorate destroyed factories, and revive farmlands . Along with its vast resources,

Hi everybody! I have been looking at posts on narcs and narc abuse on here and if has really helped me out a lot. I am currently struggling with my situation and need some advice/support. I met a narc last year, everything seemed to good to be true. Love bombing, always texting calling and taking me on dates. Everything changed when someone warned me about him out in public in front of him and who he is. This caused a conflict with us and the love bombing seized. he would tell me that everything is okay and i can come and talk. He would set a time limit on me and kick me out after that. he would then text me like everything was fine and we hung out again and after that he completely ghosted me for one week. He came back and texted me a week later laughing about the ghosting and acting like nothing had happened. he continued to text me ( not like in the beginning) make plans with me, then on the day of the plans he would just ghost me. One day he would act interested the next silence. i contacted him a month later and he acted like nothing happened. He was on a vacation and sent me a picture of another woman ( someone he allegedly met on the trip) to strike a reaction but i never gave him one. After the trip he came to my place and was extremely rude, accusing me of going on dates with a bunch of men. The next day he accused me of being an alcoholic and that he wanted nothing to do with me but said well maybe we can be "friends" then ghosted me i assumed at this point it was over and i would never hear from him again. He contacted me on the holiday a month later acting like everything was great. We ended up hanging out a month or so later and when we hung out it went well, i thought things were going in the right direction. after we hung out.. silence. I would try to text him and if he replied it would be very short then he just stopped replying. He ghosted me for almost three months. I thought he was done this time and of course he popped up again like nothing happened. At this point i was getting sick of if so i questioned him as to why he dissapeared and always does this. Of course he had some sob story about a injury and family member dying of cancer. I felt pity for him and he gave me an apology.. so i took him back stupidly. things seemed to be going smooth for a couple months, of course until his family member died and his injury got better he never contacted me and was distant. Menawhile, i was there for him during the difficult time for him. He lied to me about the funeral and never wanted to chat. I was chasing him and he would always claim nothing was wrong but when i said i thought he used me when he was down he could not handle it and would always tell me he didnt care and to go away. I would get so upset i would try texting him to work it out he would barelt respond and if he did he would not be nice about it. we did hang out a couple times after that, he would ignore me after. One day i was like hey i think you are seeing someone else, and i was like well ixam seeing someone so no problem if you are he said " buy bye good luck with your new guy stop contacting me" i was devastated and tried to get into contact with him for weeks then i just gave up and accepted it was over. He ended up contacting me a month later acting like everything was fine. He wanted to go out and have drinks i told him i would. He and i both seemed to have a great time. He ends up ignoring me again. I kept texting him trying to figure out what was wrong. He kept saying everything was fine and i said ok can we hang out again? He said maybe i was like why? He just kept saying maybe … our last conversation we had… i said what is wrong ? He said nothing is wrong everything is fine. I asked him why he keeps saying maybe. He said " maybe but i dont want to see you right now" i said why? He saix " im just not feeling it, if i wanted to date i would" i said why did you contact me less then a week ago wanting to go out? He said i didnt.. even though he did. So i said should i just move on or what? He said whatever you want to do. So i said that he was really confusing me and asked him if he had anything more to say before i move on? My messages were turning green so i panicked he blocked me and reacted irrationally. I said " omg did you block me? My messages are not going through. Even texted him on my work phone asking what was up. And called him twice ( please dont judge me i know it is pathetic i never was this type of girl before him) so he replied and said " Ok I'll block you now" then immedietly blocked me. He has never blocked me before since I have met him he will just ghost. Is this ths final discard aka " grand finale? Did i just push him too far? this has upset me so much its hard to even function.

what is called the “chollima movement”. The North Koreans' lack of sufficient economic data lead to

heavy propaganda the image of the state and Kim himself was warped to resemble that of a

starting in the 70s but ramped up dramatically in the 90s the manufacturing, and distribution

Vernon Reid on Why Sly and the Family Stone Were the Greatest American Band - Rolling Stone

The Liberation of Korea

Kim allocating 80% of all resources to developing heavy industry came at the cost of consumer goods

of further reform just like in the Soviet Union. They do not have the stomach to risk the economic

How can I watch porn on TikTok?

plants. Infrastructure throughout the country was improved to ship the much needed materials

Prioritizing the Military

The Korean War

Why do women like black men?

keeped on flooding in. North Korea was able to thrive economically because it was constantly

mega projects, it failed miserably. It has now been uncompleted for over three decades and for a

Economic Envy

A 41-year-old longevity doctor says his 'biological age' is 24. He takes 3 supplements daily. - Business Insider

a capitalist foothold on their doorstep, flooded half a million soldiers into the Korean Peninsula,

In the Very last months of the second world war 1.5 million Soviet troops launched a lightnight

if you have no Idea how many hungry mouths there are to feed or how productive your farmlands are.

What’s the saddest thing you’ve seen at your job?

officer in the Soviet army during the liberation of Korea. He quickly began to build a Socialist

back to Japan to aid in the war effort. But Japan’s reign of terror came to an abrupt end.

durable and highly heat resistant, and the most emblematic of the time, the Ryugyong hotel. The

When do you start "growing old"?

the 80s was undergoing its economic miracle and democratization. This was a huge problem

economy. But North Korea had a problem. Despite years of political instability, South Korea by

the burgeoning middle class and rapid increases in quality of life that the South was now enjoying.

Would you let your partner cheat on you every now and again?

continue to prop up its massive military and hold on power. The second thing keeping the nation from

when North Korea was building massive power plants to meet the energy goals laid out in the official

prosperous and united capitalist Korea on their doorstep and they also wanted to send a message to

Korea would receive a massive at the time $1.65 Billion dollars worth of patron aid

In the Aftermath Kim set out to finalize the transition into a complete command economy.

As Korea could not stand alone It turned to the Russian empire who was looking to expand their

mandated to serve in the military. This of course dramatically strained the rest of the economy.

But those shrubs that the Goats quickly devoured held together the loose mountain soil during the

North ramped up terrorist activities, assasination attemps and despite its now stagnate economy,

For now the People of North Korea suffer and will continue to until the regime inevitably collapses.

were able to Push the North all the way back to the Chinese border. China, worried about

food producing capabilities of the Nation. But as we discussed prior, we know that North Korea, even

a terrible decision in a country that arguably has the most mismanaged economy in modern times.

more water was now needed to irrigate the fields and that meant hydroelectric power plants needed

Babble makes learning a new language fast, easy and engaging. They have specially formatted

to a unique set of circumstances. At the heart of it all was the religious like to dominance of the

to do efficiently and even more so for the less technologically advanced North Koreans. To make

significant shortages all the time. Of course Kims answer to this problem was in the form

economic plan. North Korea would persistently use the Chollima movement to address the massive

It was given hydro electric dams, railroads, irrigation systems and industrial equipment from

to take the risk. It could have sold its vast resources to the world but because industry was

Confucianism with concepts of hierarchy as the basis of order and social harmony. Coupled with

Life After Collapse

This new political dominance was rooted in the ideology of Juche which roughly translates to

By the late 19th century and early 20th It was no longer China but Japan that threatened Korea.

bent on making nuclear weapons, in a desperate last ditch attempt to maintain power is largely

from the French to build a fertilizer plant, 160 million from the United Kingdom to build a cement

To make matters even worse the floods destroyed underground stockpiles of grain. North Korea was

no country would lend to North Korea by 1976. At this point

Hotel was to become the tallest in the world, cost 2% of its entire economy and like all the other

lives of their citizens, but reform and revolution of a dictatorship never ends well for the elites

on, all prices, all goods, all funds, and all jobs were to be dictated by the government,

the time commitment and seemingly overwhelming challenge, well then I have the answer for you.

North Korea stands as a reminder that nations governed by a small elite fixated on retaining

power plants went offline, and Chemical fertilizer was no longer able to be produced. As such much

and facilities. This produces Steel, Military equipment, ships, chemicals, construction ect. But

to get you speaking a brand new language in just three weeks.

champion for the developing Socialist world and thus both could not afford to lose North Korea

to remedy this issue. In the harsh and mountainous north they started a massive campaign to breed

quick 10 minute lessons that teach you real world practical conversations that you will actually

and 92% off the electrical power generation. In fact for a brief moment in time North Korea was

any rational economic leader would try and utilize its vast resources to balance its budget and

rich in natural resources. According to a Goldman Sachs report, North Korea is sitting

1.2 billion dollars of debt for which they had no capacity to pay back and they didn't. As a result,

of drugs, fake US currency, sold weapons to international terrorist organization, and

cheap labor and a huge demand for commodities by other socilaist nations meant North Korea

massive humanitarian crisis along their border and the nuclear crisis that would inevitably

this was only because the central government had no resources in which to distribute to the

this small nation that was just bombed back into the stone age , was now able to become

you can produce if you don't know how much iron is being made, how much coal is being transported to

their economy or political structure even just a little would start a never ending tidal wave

a product of the last few decades. While North Korea and its tiny economy are now juxtaposed with

and most importantly agriculture. Even Stalin who himself overemphasized heavy industry

mostly from the Soviet Union. Not only that but China and the Soviets forgave North Korea of its

For almost all of Korea's existence it was surrounded by much more powerful nations,

accurate economic statistics. so when a sociliast government was now tasked with deciding every

thus preferential trade deals, free capital and resources, and access to equipment and technology

ensue. China is supplying energy and food to make sure this does not happen. Since he came to power

with the extra work could put you in a dangerous position. An example of this is the mobilization

it. “ North Korea had been virtually destroyed as an industrial society”

was wholly dependent on dramatic amounts of help from the other socialist nations.

to the regime's ideology of self reliance and thus this never happened. This then made North Korea

light industry. The Japanese had made the south into the breadbasket to feed its war

family connection, professional development or even just self improvement, but worried about

who sought to rapidly industrialize and modernize its military to be able to fend off the Europeans.

and just like in the aftermath of the Korean war, it was still heavily reliant on other

Have you ever wanted to learn a new language for an upcoming trip abroad,

asian society. From the quote on quote Ideal socialist state, to the worst place to live

in the markets that emerged from the crisis in the 90s. North Korea and its leadership are

The Great Famine

food, coal or any other factor of production they would mobilize the population to work longer and

This video is Sponsored by Babble, the number one language learning app.

factories and how many workers you have at your disposal. How do you know what to price food

the 70s, North Korea started to take out mountains of debt to finance further heavy industry

and historic rainfalls meant that floods and mudslides took out the remaining farmlands.

North Korea's Economic Golden Age

on mobilizing the rural farming population to work in factories but this then diminished the

Korea would undertake a massive military buildup and the militarization of the entire culture.

it would provide the economy the self-reliance he treasured so dearly. Heavy industry is

and thus had to adapt in the name of self preservation. There is a famous saying in

foundation in which to control and guide the restoration of the nation and economy. However,

off your subscription, just click the link in the description down below.

could gain quick money by selling raw resources to them. Within two years after the war, the economy

the second world war. Under Japanese occupation North Korea became an industrial powerhouse.

procure more food for the region. Within two years the goat population tripled.

was the perfectly crafted means of Social control over the North Koreas. This provided the perfect

Without fuel the population took to cutting down forests for the winters to stay warm and this made

the developing world and for a brief moment it was the most industrialized and advanced

much of the only arable land for agriculture and the complete flooding of coal mines. In just 4

in 1904. The result of the embarrassing defeat was Japan's uninhibited influence in the region

single aspect of the entire economy there was no hope of it working. How do you know how much steel

Korea was split in half and now existed under polar opposite political ideologies;

Union and Eastern bloc, the reformation of the Chinese economic system and the numerous

Those modern Japanese industries and mines ceased to exist. As Historian Charles K. Armstrong put

the soviets and food, oil and fertilizer from the chinese. From 1950-1960 North

and industry was unable to function. In just three years the entire economy contracted

In 1996 North Korea was in the midst of one of the worst famines experienced by any

After Stalin's death in 1953, the next in line Nikita Khrushchev took on De-stalinization reforms

Both Koreas that it is a “Shrimp among Whales”, and that the peninsula has been invaded “900 times

for the North Korean regime as its grip on power could easily be broken if the North Koreans saw

Even with my busy schedule, thanks to babble, I can easily find time everyday to practice and the

meant he could carry out rapid industrialization and militarization of the whole country. But North

“self reliance”. Kim argued that the true peak of Civilization was contingent upon being freed from

was concerned with North Korea's lopsided economic growth. That's because this heavy industry relied

positions meaning there was a severe lack of experience and no real way to produce

But the south had almost all of the prime agricultural land and most of the consumer

reform its educational system and modernized its military, but the Russian empire was dying

North Korea: The Worst Place To Live in the World

family patriarch. With a deeply embedded cultural tradition of family and respecting your elders it

annual massive rainfalls. Now without them, the result was massive mudslides which destroyed

is hard to estimate but it has likely brought in billions of dollars to which the regime can then

times. But as North Korea ruined their debt reputations in the 70s no nation was willing

Ironically, and against the notions of self reliance, North Korea's resurgence

matters even worse, under Japanese occupation, no Native Koreas held significant administering

command economy modeled after and with the help of the Soviet Union. Land was redistributed,

ally. Trade to the Russian Federation collapsed 6 fold, food imports and aid completely stopped

But with the fall of the Soviet Union and subsequent economic calamity how does North

an ability to advance further an armistice was signed that is still in effect to this very day,

project off its coast line, an attempted to build the largest dam in the world, a supermassive

other potential socialist nations that they would be looked after by the communist world. But well

it made an international plea for aid to which it would receive. Despite receiving 70% of all needed

was larger than it ever had been before and by the early 1960s it was producing exponentially more of

plan would use its newfound industrial strength to trade for food products. But this is counter

Japanese. From then until 1945 Korea was treated with unimaginable exploitation.

food from international humanitarian efforts until the year 2000 it made outrageous demands,

productivity that would outpace any other nation. In essence when North Korea was short of steel,

entire nation by Kim il Sung. He quickly started to rewrite history, banned religion, persecuted

productive but expensive equipment, instead using brute force to address economic shortfalls,

made countless reservoirs and pumping stations to irrigate the fields, and constructed modern power

3.5 million tons per year to just 45 thousand. This would have a catastrophic ripple effect

then they had dropped on all nations combined throughout the entirety of the second world war.

over their population. North Korean leadership knows that reform will ultimately improve the

all at least partially funded by the Soviet Union but as the 80s wore on that fundly began to dry

conditions in which a nation state is actually partaking in these illegal activities, North Korea

and it's even been scientifically proven using their award winning technology

This then leads us to the next major mistake. Insead of slowing down military spending,

as an ally. Kim was then able to teeter back and forth between the two when aid was offered and

By the early 90s North Korea still had a massively lopsided economy, It was allocating a vast

and by carrying out tremendous sacrifice for the state. The Ideology heavily borrowed from Korean

socialist states to feed and fund itself. But the world was changing rapidly, the Soviet Union

economic, technological and military superiority over the south. North Korea for a time was so

by the Americans. Weeks later the largest war in human history was over but immediately the stage

everything than South Korea who was then just starting to build their own heavy industry.

The North Korean economy from the end of the war until the 1970s grew at a titanic

which angered and threatened China’s leader Mao zedong. From there both competed to be the

addressing the fundamental imbalances to the economy, even as the cold war tensions cooled in

before the capitulation of the Japanese empire. At the same time Hiroshima and Nagasaki were erased

and little progress was made over the coming years. In the face of neither side seeing

being backed by the largest economy on earth would catch up quickly, Kim il Sung combined

All farmland and all private property was taken by the state. Markets were outlawed,

In a case such as this it would make sense for a nation to take out loans to weather the rough

to which Stalin would often accept. But why? Initially it was quite simple. Korea was a

The over reliance of heavy industry and the utilization of massive labor movements would come

Despite this, North Korea, to the surprise of the world, would enter its economic Golden age.

15% a year, quickly dwarfing the small agrarian economy of the south. But how is it possible that

hydrothermal power plant, an entire industry surrounding vinylon, a strange material that's

it could not rely on trade. As a result North Korea did something it hated more than anything,

and no event encapsulated this better than its defeat in the Russo-Japanese War

was set for a new much longer spanning conflict. Much like the occupation of Germany after the war,

Marxist Leninist theories to his own advantage and to work better with traditional Korean beliefs.

not global powers. However China started a long and slow decline just as the Europeans

wartime loans and even sent tens of thousands of free workers to rebuild infrastructure

dictators that fell during the Arab spring. But so did North Korea. They have learned that opening

The North was blessed with almost all the natural resources, most of the industrial capacity,

no longer willing to give oil to North Korea at preferential rates and the supply of it went from

under the weight of political liberalization and a faltering economy finally collapsed in late 1991,

willing to imprison your entire family for minor mistakes, it's easy to see how not being okay

while the government tried to cover up the skyline dominating abandoned hotel using photoshop. These

years 5-10% of North Korea's entire population perished. Yet this is just one small example of

already crippled and because of extreme sancious placed on it from its nuclear weapons program

rise to Socilist command economies, North Korea is the last remnant of that dying political system.

I have always wanted to feel a connection with my ancestors so I have been learning to speak german.

For the first time in their histories the South was now better off than the North and rapidly

pulling ahead. This was symbolized in the 1988 olympic games hosted in Seoul. In response the

by far the most industrialized and urbanized country in Asia in the immediate aftermath of

is making drugs with some of the highest quality in the world, and making counterfeit currency that

then gives the criminals access to state sponsored distribution and protection and they give North

carpet bombing campaings. In fact the United States dropped more explosives on North Korea

Soviet & Chinese Aid

traditionally defined as capital intensive large scale manufacturing that requires heavy machinery

While Initially it seemed like Northern Victory was inevitable, United Nations combat forces

built personal palaces, ordered 100 white Mercedes limousines and dined on the finest Italian

Out of pure necessity it for the first time allowed for markets and minor trading however

is said to be better than real dollars. It harbors international criminals and employs them, this

Kim was able to walk into Stalin's office, providing a huge list of economic needs,

the incredibly prosperous South Korea who now has over 70 times the economic output, things used to

population. But why did North Korea not change? Today we have witnessed the fall of the Soviet

projects were way too costly, unneeded and in some cases flawed from their very inception. They were

it carried out insane mega projects. A few of these include an 1100 square mile land reclamation

started to carve out as much of the world as possible. This gave rise to a new asian power

and military building up. Due to the easing of cold war tensions in the 70s, western European

in the best of times, is hardly capable of being self-sufficient in food production due to its lack

But how and why did North Korea receive so much economic aid?

meaning the United States is still technically at war with North Korea. But Kim Il Sung

much better off that it once was pointed too as a shining example of communism in

being stimulated by a socialist competition and Kim's fierce iron grip politically

own influence in the region. With Russia's help, Korea started to industrialize itself,

majority of its budget to the military, It had not made significant attempts to pay off its debt

in charge. While the Nation starved the next leader Kim Jong Il imported luxury watches,

use. Using their speech recognition they help you to correct your pronunciation and accent,

badly miscalculated his war effort and most of the North's advantage was swept away by the US’s

throughout the entire economy. The now complete shortage of fuel meant that coal mining ceased,

power and gatekeeping the keys to truth are where true human suffering lies. The 20th century gave

totalitarian regime. North Korea was now the worst place to live in the world and millions perished.

party communist state was instituted. Later all power was Vested in Kim il Sung who would become

How North Korea Still Exists

atop an estimated 10 Trillion dollars worth of mineral deposits, and as such,

and almost all freedoms were curtailed, of course except for those in the ruling class. From then

with the support of the Soviets and later the Chinese, launched an invasion in 1950.

those Japanese Industries were nationalized, a socialist central bank was created, and a one

industrialized nation in modern history. But one idea arose in the high command of the government

From the very beginning, Kim il sung was obsessed with building heavy industry as in his mind

one of the fastest growing economies on earth. The resurgence of North Korea was due in large part

mountain goats. Flush with the shrubs they graze upon it seemed like the perfect way to

and Korea was not able to hold off any longer. In 1910 It was now an official colony of the

this had the added benefit of greater social control over the population.

partook in human traffiking and slave labour in their prison camps. In fact, because of the unique

market economy although it would function more or less like a brutal dictatorship until the 1980s.

the Japanese built large scale mine and processing plants, developed a thriving fertilizer industry,

However some important economic development did take place. Northern Korea is incredibly

exactly the same as in the Soviet Union. But this was even an impossible task for the Soviets

its immediate industrial upper hand but its scarcity of food, and the worry that the South,

dramatic amounts of resources to the military. As such and in response to heightened tensions North

invasion into Manchuria in an effort to snatch up as much land as possible

up, and all of North Korea's terrible mistakes were about to collapse the entire economy.

the chains of reliance on other nations. The way to achieve this was by placing all trust in him

Korea's unprecedented growth hid the abhorrent structural flaws and catastrophic economic

cuisine. Making the necessary changes which would have saved his people would have likely meant his

efforts. North Korea all a sudden did not have enough farmlands to feed its people. Faced with

society with the goal of self reliance meant that North Korea would allocate

nations were now open to the idea of lending to North Korea. 80 million dollars was borrowed

making money that we have not yet discussed is state sponsored illicit activities. North Korea

into North Korea being rejuvenated and strong enough to fend for themselves the aid just kept

harder to make up for the shortfalls. Coupled with a regime that has total social control and is

to stop running. Transportation was halted, electricity generation stopped completely,

collapsing is China. While China now sees North Korea as a nuisance the last thing they want is a

more of a god then a ruler to the North Koreas. In the South the United states created a democratic

factory and 400 million from Japan for heavy plant equipment. In just 5 years North Korea took on

of arable land and harsh climate. This would not be too concerning as any economically rational

and previous loans were no longer being forgiven. Maybe most importantly, Russia was

in the world, this is the story of how North Korea became so incredibly poor.

The Beginning of the End

his political opponents and ultimately became the supreme authority of the land. He warped the

by 50%. Food was no longer being given for free from other socialist nations,

eventually pushing the front line close to its original borders. The front line grinded to a halt

All men ages fifteen to forty five and all women aged eighteen to thirty five were

Korea still exist? There are two things currently keeping North Korea still afloat. One means of

Korea plausible deniability when caught. The money generated from these illicit activities

microcosm of the much larger Cold war. The Soviets and Chinese did not want a strong,

The next terrible decision emerged again from the ideology of self-reliance in the form of

fully reliant on the untenable aid it received from other socialist nations to feed itself.

reforms that China undertook and in response to the Arab spring they have tightened social control